Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Health Outcomes in Veterans Hospitalized with COVID-19 Infection

Abstract:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and is associated with worse outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed data from the Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center COVID-19 registry to investigate these associations. Among 20,357 patients tested for COVID-19, 5,492 were positive. OSA prevalence was higher in COVID-19-positive patients (36%) compared to negative ones (28%). After adjusting for age, BMI, and comorbidities, OSA was independently associated with increased use of low-flow oxygen (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.24-2.09) and higher 30-day readmission rates (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.24-2.43). NIV use remained elevated in OSA patients (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.11-3.03) despite adjustments. COVID-19 vaccination reduced respiratory support needs, with significant effects observed with booster doses. Pharmacological treatments were associated with increased respiratory support use, reflecting treatment guidelines. Our findings underscore the need for tailored COVID-19 management strategies in patients with OSA.
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